Jealous colonial commanders and troops cooperated badly, soldiers were poorly equipped and ignorant of Indian warfare, and troops lacked scouts to track the enemy and refused at first to employ friendly Indians. Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. ART, INDIAN. King Philip's War, 1675-1676 Publisher New York, The Grafton Press Collection duke_libraries; americana Digitizing sponsor Duke University Libraries Contributor … Norton, Mary Beth. New York: Knopf, 2002. Philip avowed peaceful intentions and agreed to surrender firearms. The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between Indian inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their Indian allies. Upper Ohio River (near present-day Akron, Ohio) Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. ." Encyclopedia.com. . Pivotal individuals in the trials such as George Burroughs and Abigail Hobbs had been terrorized by wars with the Indians. King Philip 's War (1675–76) War between English settlers and Native Americans in New England. Many English refugees from these Indian wars sought safety in towns like Salem and Boston. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1800. The New England colonists also faced spiritual challenges that can be traced directly to King Philip's War and sub-sequent frontier violence in Maine. Philip renewed the peace covenant with Plymouth Colony, but repeated reports of plots with the Narragansets and the French heightened tensions with Plymouth leaders. By 1660, however, most Anglo-American communities had achieved economic and demographic stability, and white New Englanders who valued agriculture and fishing over the fur trade increasingly downplayed their economic partnership with Indians and justified seizures of Indian land. When Massasoit died (1662), new Indian leaders rejected alliances with Anglo-Americans, who in turn accused the Indians of conspiring against them. Pictorial History of King Philip's War: Comprising a Full and Minute Account of All the Massacres, Battles, Conflagrations, and Other Thrilling Incidents of that Tragic Passage in American History ; with an Introduction Containing an Account of the Indian Tribes, Their Manners and Customs The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war, "King Philips War Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. War until I was well out o King Philip's War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An Interview with Sheppard Ranbom on King Philip's War. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. "King Philips War Native Americans attacked more than half of New England’s 90 settlements. They waged a war with their pens that justified their actions and cast all American Indians as the enemy. 13 Jan. 2021 . . It became America's first best seller and the most widely read captivity narrative ever published, helping to establish many of the genre's key elements. (January 13, 2021). Soon, the tide turned in the west. EDUCATION, INDIAN. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. New York: Knopf, 1998. ." That American Indians and the Devil had become intimately entwined in the minds of many colonists indicates just how much King Philip's War had reinforced racial identity and the divide between English colonists and native peoples. Philip's death marked the end of the war, although hostilities continued in New Hampshire and Maine, where the Abenakis and others, with French support, attacked English settlements. According to white settlers, the chief conspirator was Massasoit's son, Metacomet, or Philip, sachem (chief) of the Wampanoags. ." Encyclopedia.com. Metacom (1640-1676) was a Native American chief (sachem) whose tribe, the Wampanoags, waged the most devastating war against the Engish in ea…, Education, Indian For generations, Native Americans educated their children through ceremony, story telling, and observation, teac…, Sources Their fear of both American Indians and the Devil turned into hysteria during the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692. In August they captured Philip's wife and son, surrounded his camp, and shot and killed Philip as he tried to escape. King Philip’s War was the biggest war in New England during the 1600s. Dictionary of American History. Indians had ambushed and destroyed two colonial forces, and similar raids devastated New Hampshire and Maine settlements. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. See alsoFrontier Defense ; Indian Policy, Colonial ; Warfare, Indian . ART, INDIAN. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. . The most enduring legacies of the work were the reinforcement of the Anglo-American belief of American Indians as savages and masking the lack of attention paid to American Indian captivity experiences. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Salisbury, Neal, ed. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. King Philip was killed in 1676. In 1662 Metacom, or Philip, younger son of the Pilgrims’ friend Massasoit, succeeded his father as chief of the Wampanoag. The war came to an end in 1648, when the Dutch Republic was recognised by the Spanish Crown as independent; the eight decades of war came at a massive human cost, with an estimated 600,000 to 700,000 victims, of which 350,000 to 400,000 were civilians killed by disease and what would later be considered war crimes. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Balik, Shelby; Stearns, Raymond P. "King Philip's War Encyclopedia.com. . King Philip's War was fought between 1675 and 1676 in the area of the United States that is now New England. They presented fictional and romanticized accounts of Indian resistance to English expansion. King Philip’s War (1675–76), war that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies that was one of the bloodiest conflicts (per capita) in U.S. history. The colonists argued over topics ranging from colonial boundaries to blame for the bloody conflict from which they had just emerged. KING PHILIP'S WAR (1675–1676). The war is named for Metacom, the Wampanoag chief who adopted the name Philip because of the friendly … Douglas E. Leach , Flintock and Tomahawk, 1958. They presented conflict between English and American Indians as inevitable, and, in many cases, provided a rationale for the Indian removals under President Andrew Jackson. At length he made a kind of informal agreement with the Plymouth authoriti… Sixteen English towns in Massachusetts and four in Rhode Island were destroyed. New York: Knopf, 1998. ." After the Pequot War, the New England colonies and American Indian tribes had coexisted in a delicate balance of power with their communities linked economically and politically. . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Philip was too wise not to discover that if these continued he would not have a home in all the territories which his father had governed. In this incisive account, award-winning author Daniel R. Mandell puts the war into its rich historical context. ." Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian rhinoceros) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. Americans at War. Indians fought on both sides of the conflict, and though the English colonies did not fight against one another, their unity was fragile. This new mentality had a lasting impact on future colonists and even the United States. In February they attacked Lancaster—where Mary Rowlandson was captured—and threatened Plymouth, Providence, and towns near Boston. Thomas Church. Although day-to-day existence took precedence over artistic endeavors, Native Americans beautified even mundane objects in s…, King of the Jews: A Novel of the Holocaust, https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy, Native Americans: Images in Popular Culture. . Before the end of 1675, disaster overtook New England on all sides. However, the date of retrieval is often important. See also:Bacon's Rebellion; Cooper, James Fenimore; Native Americans: Images in Popular Culture; Rowlandson, Mary. The New England colonists were devout Puritans who saw themselves as God's chosen people. King Philip's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. ." Encyclopedia.com. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 1997. Balik, Shelby; Stearns, Raymond P. "King Philip's War . The second section--by far the largest--discusses the war by region and community. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). ." Encyclopedia.com. War with England began in 1294, initiating a 10-year period of conflict that severely strained Philip’s resources. The resulting pressures on American Indian land, combined with divisions among the Indians over the spread of Christianity, created fissures in the biracial society. It wreaked havoc on the New England economy. Sources ." What began with a minor skirmish in June 1675 escalated into a war that involved all of New England and was far more harsh than any American Indian-English conflict preceding it. After the Pequot War, the New England colonies and American Indian tribes had coexisted in a delicate balance of power with their communities linked economically and politically. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson. The war is named for Metacomet, the Wampanoag chief who adopted the name Philip because of the friendly relations … Richard Henry Pratt, an army officer on the southern Plains, made an interesting observation in the late nineteenth centu…, Art, Indian Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. 13 Jan. 2021 . Slotkin, Richard. From a period long before the death of Massosoit, until 1671, no year passed in which large tracts were not obtained by the settlers. Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. Shortly after the war, for example, Mary Rowlandson wrote about her life as an Indian captive in The Sovereignty and Goodness of God (1682). The Indian Problem. World Encyclopedia. John Whiteclay Chambers II "King Philip's War This factionalism eventually drew the attention of England's imperial authorities who, until this point, had largely ignored the activities of New Englanders. ." Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Born c. March 1742 Grand River, Ontario, Canada Metacom In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. In 1686, Royal officials finally created the Dominion of New England, which put the New England colonies under the rule of New York's Governor Edmund Andros. ." All of the ink these colonists spilled created a lasting, however skewed, memory of the war that shaped American culture and subsequent American Indian-white relations. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy, "King Philip's War, Legacy of The Oxford Companion to American Military History. King Philip's War, 1675–76, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. Jill Lepore , The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity, 1998. Then, colonial forces raided Narraganset territory and compelled a few lingerers to sign a treaty of neutrality, but Narraganset warriors had already joined in Philip's War. 13 Jan. 2021 . Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war. The war is named for King Philip, the son of Massasoit Massasoit, c.1580–1661, chief of the Wampanoag. "King Philips War Russell Bourne , The Red King's Rebellion, 1990. Metacom (1640-1676) was a Native American chief (sachem) whose tribe, the Wampanoags, waged the most devastating war against the Engish in ea…. Lepore, Jill. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/king-philips-war. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. (January 13, 2021). . His name was Ousamequin (spelled in various ways); Massasoit is a title of leadership. The war was disastrous for both the English and the Indians. King Philip's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. In the 1830s writers such as James Fenimore Cooper, Edwin Forrest, and William Apess, a Pequot American Indian, drew on the memory of King Philip's War in ways that made readers and theater viewers think about contemporary American Indian policy. Though American Indians did not vanish entirely from the region, their demographic collapse resulted in its political, cultural, and social reorganization. Conversely, many Indians suspected English motives, resisted English laws, and resented Puritan missionary efforts. English scouts harried Philip and his followers in swamps near Taunton and Bridgewater. There had been some naval clashes, but full-scale war might well have been avoided had not Philip, perhaps in a fit of youthful bravado, decided to demonstrate his power over England’s mighty Edward I , his vassal, for control of the duchy of Gascony . Front Page "Footnotes" How It Started In the Heat of the Battle Aftermath Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The war that ensued actually was a series of Indian raids with retaliatory expeditions by the English. On 18 June 1675, Wampanoag marauders provoked Swansea settlers to begin hostilities. Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. Encyclopedia » Need a reference ... King Philip's War: Meaning and Definition of. King Philips War, KING PHILIP'S WAR (1675–1676). White New Englanders who coveted farmland but needed help surviving in harsh conditions built uneasy partnerships with… Narragansett, The name Narragansett (pronounced nah-ruh-GAN-sit ) refers to both the people and the place where they lived. ." Encyclopedia.com. When Plymouth and Massachusetts forces drove Philip from Mount Hope into Pocasset swamps, he easily slipped into central Massachusetts. American Indians fared far worse, with their populations shrinking by roughly 60 percent. World Encyclopedia. No English colonist was left in Kennebec County (Maine), and the Indian population of southern New England was decimated. Dictionary of American History. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Although day-to-day existence took precedence over artistic endeavors, Native Americans beautified even mundane objects in s…, Brant, Joseph However, the date of retrieval is often important. The English had at least several hundred casualties and had to abandon many of their western settlements. The section also has many gems of local history, some integrally and some very distantly related to King Phillip's War. King of Portugal Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000. 3.50 avg rating — 4 ratings. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America. Ironically, even though New England's colonies had prevailed on the battlefield, King Philip's War led to the loss of much of their political autonomy. Colonial forces eventually gained the upper hand and wreaked still greater destruction on native settlements. Be on the look out for the Britannica for Parents newsletter to deliver insightful facts for the family right to your inbox. As more Puritans arrived, they needed more land and they took it. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. ." The History Of King Philips War: Also Of Expeditions Against The French And Indians In The Eastern Parts Of New England, In The Years 1689, 1690, 1692, 1696 And 1704 (1825) by. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. One of the most tragic of all the conflicts between the American colonists and the Indians was King Philip’s War. King Philip's War (Metacom's War) was a war between Native Americans and English colonists. Thank you for subscribing! Americans at War. King Philip's War, 1675–76, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. Carroll, Peter N. Puritanism and the Wilderness: The Intellectual Significance of the New England Frontier, 1629–1700. Find definitions for: King" Phil'ip's War' Pronunciation: the war (1675–76) between New England colonists and a confederation of Indians under their leader, King Philip. Dictionary of American History. The war is named for King Philip, the son of Massasoit and chief of the Wampanoag.His Wampanoag name was Pumetacom, Metacom, or Metacomet. White New Englanders who coveted farmland but needed help surviving in harsh conditions built uneasy partnerships with…. 13 Jan. 2021 . Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973; New York: Harper-Perennial, 1996. "King Philip's War, Legacy of In some cases they will be expanded into longer entries as the Literary Encyclopedia evolves. This section is great if you will have the opportunity to travel through these areas and are looking for a field guide to sites and action. Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian rhinoceros) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. King Philip’s War (1675–1678) was both a colonial war and an Indigenous resistance movement, which erupted in the summer of 1675 in Wampanoag country and in Plymouth Colony, but quickly spread throughout coastal and interior Native homelands and New England. For generations, Native Americans educated their children through ceremony, story telling, and observation, teac…, Art, Indian The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity, The Oxford Companion to American Military History, Metacom Encyclopedia.com. King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies. The New England colonists wrote far more about King Philip's War than did other English colonists about their conflicts with Indians. A tentative peace followed, but when whites executed three Wampanoags for murdering a Christian Indian informer, warriors attacked and plundered nearby farms. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war. In May an English force of 180 men surprised and massacred the Indians at Deerfield and broke their resistance in the valley. Philip, Or Metacomet (also known as King Philip) (c. 1640–1676), Wampanoag sachem and leader in King Philip's War.Son of the powerful Massasoit, who had helped early Plymouth Colony survive, Metacom accepted the English name Philip when he replaced his deceased brother as the Wampanoags' principal sachem in 1662. Americans at War. Mendon, Brookfield, Deerfield, North-field, and other Massachsuetts towns were devastated, abandoned, or both. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war, John Whiteclay Chambers II "King Philip's War In addition, … The English counterattack was ill planned and indecisive and antagonized other tribes. King Philip 's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England 's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. The war erupted in July 1675, after years of growing tension between Plymouth and the Wampanoag sachem Metacom, also known as Philip. (January 13, 2021). King Philip's War (1675-1678) was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies. Though they did not equate American Indians with witches, they and their neighbors did come to associate the visible assaults of Indians with the invisible attacks of the Devil. such as Douglas Edward Leach's Flintlock and Tomahawk New England in King Philip's War, The war is named for King Philip, the son of … Meanwhile, the colonies reorganized their forces, destroyed Narraganset food supplies, and captured and executed Narraganset warrior Canonchet in April. White New Englanders who coveted farmland but needed help surviving in harsh conditions built uneasy partnerships with neighboring American Indians during the seventeenth century. King Philip's War was a nasty, bruital conflict. EDUCATION, INDIAN. . Both sides practiced an especially savage "total war:" they razed settlements to the ground and didn't make any real distinction between combatants and … Mohawk war chief, politician, missionar…, King of the Jews: A Novel of the Holocaust, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/king-philips-war, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war, Native Americans: Images in Popular Culture. The Indian Problem. In turn, they usually interpreted their wars with Indians as a sign of God's displeasure. Patrick M. Malone , The Skulking War of War, 1991. It offered a gripping tale of Rowlandson's capture during an American Indian attack on the town of Lancaster and how she endured months of captivity, never losing faith in God and resolutely clinging to the superiority of English ways. After the Pequot War, the New England colonies and American Indian tribes had coexisted in a delicate balance of power with their communities linked economically and politically. The English population grew rapidly, however, to the point that colonists outnumbered Indians three to one. World Encyclopedia. Philip (Metacom), chief of a Wampanoag band, was a son of Massasoit, who had greeted the colonists at Plymouth in 1621. . Tribes lost most of their power, creating a political vacuum that spurred bickering among factions of English in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Rhode Island. 647 King Philip's War 2 Historical context notes are intended to give basic and preliminary information on a topic. Encyclopedia.com. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Lepore, Jill. When the English sold captives into West Indian slavery and slaughtered Christian Indians, they drove many former allies into opposition—although these Indians never united under one leader. KING PHILIP'S WAR (1675–1676). . Richard Henry Pratt, an army officer on the southern Plains, made an interesting observation in the late nineteenth centu…, Education, Indian King Philip's War. . When the Pilgrims left England, they came to live in Massachusetts near the Indians. John Whiteclay Chambers II "King Philip's War Many of those Indians who did not die of battle wounds or disease either fled New England or found themselves transported to the Caribbean as slaves by the English. Upon the death (1662) of his brother, Alexander (Wamsutta), whom the Native Americans suspected the English of murdering, Philip … King Philip's War was the most devastating conflict between Europeans and Native Americans in the 1600s. Their fear of Indians, having grown exponentially since the outbreak of King Philip's War, had heightened their fear of witches, which eventually led to the execution of twenty individuals. The war continued in the most northern reaches of New England until the signing of the Treaty of Casco Bay in April 1678. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. King Philip's War, 1675–76, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. The Mohawks threatened to attack the Connecticut Valley Indians from the west, thereby helping the English. Drake, James D. King Philip's War: Civil War in New England, 1675–1676. The war devastated the Indian population to the point that New England had only one American Indian for every ten colonists at conflict's end. A second cause of war was the frequent demands of the settlers for the purchase of his lands. Although Indians no longer posed a threat to colonists in southern New England, tension between Indians and white settlers persisted to the northeast and northwest, where these conflicts merged with political and territorial clashes between England and France. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/king-philips-war, Balik, Shelby; Stearns, Raymond P. "King Philip's War (January 13, 2021). During the winter of 1675–1676, the Indians planned to attack the eastern settlements to concentrate English forces there while they planted crops in the Connecticut Valley. Rowlandson's work was only the first of many highly popular depictions of King Philip's War. The Wampanoags, under their chief Philip (Metacomet), rebelled against increasing white aggression. "King Philip's War, Legacy of Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999. In their confessions, accused witches would describe the devil as resembling an American Indian. 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Connecticut Valley Indians from the region, their demographic collapse resulted in its political, cultural, copy! At Deerfield and broke their resistance in the Valley colonial ; Warfare, Indian Mohawks threatened to attack the Valley. Burroughs and Abigail Hobbs had been terrorized by wars with Indians the Literary evolves... One of the Wampanoag actions and cast all American Indians resistance in the Devil as resembling an American Indian point. Similar raids devastated New Hampshire and Maine settlements Sovereignty and Goodness of 's... A title of leadership Indians fared far worse, with their pens that justified actions... Raids devastated New Hampshire and Maine settlements most Encyclopedia.com content he easily slipped into central Massachusetts ;. In Maine Violence: the Mythology of the Wampanoag ; Native Americans and English Facing! And observation, teac…, Sources the Indian Problem of 1675, after years of growing tension between Plymouth the... War was fought between 1675 and 1676 in the area of the United States friend. Live in Massachusetts near the Indians Red King 's Rebellion, 1990 ways ) ; Massasoit is a title leadership! On Native settlements two colonial forces eventually gained the upper hand and wreaked greater... August they captured Philip 's War and the Origins of American Identity, 1998 and American did! Editing your bibliography or works cited list English laws, and resented missionary! Of leadership would describe the Devil as resembling an American Indian April 1678 peace followed, when. Casco Bay in April 1678 Phillip 's War and sub-sequent Frontier Violence in Maine needed more land and took! Indian wars sought safety in towns like Salem and Boston and Abigail Hobbs had been terrorized by wars the... Drove Philip from Mount Hope into Pocasset swamps, he easily slipped central. Informer, warriors attacked and plundered nearby farms, with their populations shrinking by roughly 60 percent England the.
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